Standards-Based Lesson Planning - "Backwards Design"        
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
              OR  
 
  Classroom Activities  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Text Box: The top row are "design processes" that teachers must take before entering the classroom. The circular process comprises classroom learning and teaching activities. The squares are decision processes that teachers must make to evaluate the students' performance and achievement of the standards and the self-assessment that teachers must undergo. Teachers ask of themselves "What worked well? And what did not? Did the students learn the standards at the desired performance levels?" Adapted from Echevarria, Vogt, Short (2000). Making Content Comprehensible for English Language Learners. Needham Heights: Allyn & Bacon. and Wiggins & McTighe (2001). Understanding by Design. Upper Saddle River: Merrill Prentice Hall.